Crotalaria is monophyletic and most closely related to african bolusia five species from which it diverged. Stems terete, thick, densely rusty appressed pubescent. Crotalaria spectabilis in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Fact sheets are available from department of employment, economic development and innovation deedi service centres and our customer service centre telephone 25 23. Schmitt department of plant and environmental protection sciences, 3190 maile way, university of hawaii, honolulu, hi 968222279, u. Pdf the genus crotalaria fabaceae in alabama researchgate. Crotalaria spectabilis synonyms, crotalaria spectabilis pronunciation, crotalaria spectabilis translation, english dictionary definition of crotalaria spectabilis.
Recently, the evidence of hepatotoxic effects linked to use of c. Department of entomology and nematology, university of florida, p. Showy rattlebox crotalaria spectabilis is an erect, summer annual that is found worldwide, including throughout the south eastern united states. Crotalaria spectabilis definition of crotalaria spectabilis. Although it is nonnative to the united states, it was introduced to the southeast united states from the tropics. Abstract an annual shrub, found in the southern united states as a cover crop, called crotalaria spectabilis, bears stems, foliage, and seeds containing the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline which produces experimental pulmonary hypertension. Plant details information about crotalaria spectabilis plant. Dix arnold, assistant in dairy investigations and a. On the basis of preliminary experiments, some crotalaria species from senegal were investigated to determine 1 their susceptibility to meloidogyne javanica and m. It was introduced as a soil building cover crop on sandy soils. Fast and reliable detection of toxic crotalaria spectabilis. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life. Crotalaria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family fabaceae subfamily faboideae commonly known as rattlepods. Its original native range is unclear, probably including tropical asia, africa and australia.
Africa is the continent with the majority of crotalaria species approximately 400 species, which are mainly found in damp grassland, especially in floodplains, depressions and along edges of swamps and. Each of the legumes was grown approximately for 3 months in a 12000a wagner pot filled with soil media, and then the roots alone r. This paper reports the pyrrolizidine alkaloid composition and content of 24 crotalaria taxa from. Nome cientifico crotalaria juncea familia fabaceae leguminosa caracteristicas da especie. Fast and reliable detection of toxic crotalaria spectabilis roth. Crotalaria spectabilis was rejected entirely by 5 dif ferent cows allowed access to the pasture during one or another of 5 tours. Shealy, animal husbandman department of animal husbandry florida agricultural experi. Overall solubilities of the plant material in the supercritical fluid phase were as high as 1. It is an annual herbaceous plant that blooms from august to november. Crotalaria spectabilis roth is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus crotalaria family leguminosae.
We assessed n transfer from belowground parts compared to whole plants of two legumes, crotalaria spectabilis and sesbania rostrata. It is poisonous to livestock, and contaminates human food. The diseases caused have many names including walkabout, kimberley horse disease, stywesiekte and. Three jersey cows were used in the haypalatability trials with eight species of crotalaria from october 21 to november 16, 1932. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in crotalaria taxa from northern. Usually bright yellow in crotalaria brevidens, the calyx glabrous versus often puberulous, and the fruit diameter 1.
Leaves simple, elliptic, rhombicobovate, or oblanceolate, 5. Crotolaria species, rattlebox, showy rattlepod, cats bell. Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life. A few native and several exotic nonnative species of crotalaria may be found in the coastal southeast. Fabaceaeleguminosae subfam papilionoideae citation. This wildflower is a summer annual about 612 tall that branches occasionally. An annual shrub, found in the southern united states as a cover crop. There are many species and most of them are poisonous.
The diverse crotalaria taxa present in these pastures include varieties, subspecies, and chemotypes not previously chemically examined. Enlow, associate agronomist, office of forage crops and diseases, bureau of plant industry contents page introduction use 1 general description time2 climatic requirements. This map is incomplete and is based only on current site and county level reports made by experts and records obtained from usda plants database. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Showy rattlebox crotalaria spectabilis, roth row crop. The structure of monocrotaline, the alkaloid in crotalaria spectabilis.
However, little is known about the contribution of the belowground parts alone. Some, like the showy rattlebox or crotalaria spectabilis, are regarded as noxious weeds throughout their range in the united states. Pdf reproductive biology of crotalaria spectabilis roth. Duo to the similarity in nomenclature, the commercial. The structure of monocrotaline, the alkaloid in crotalaria spectabilis and. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of weeds of the u. Gambia pea crotalaria goreensis invades disturbed open woodlands, grasslands, floodplains and river banks and can prevent the regeneration of native species in these habitats. A shrub or undershrub with branches usually glabrous. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids occur in a large number of plants, notably the genera crotalaria figure 76. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above.
Extraction of monocrotaline from crotalaria spectabilis. Africa is the continent with the majority of crotalaria species approximately 400 species, which are mainly found in damp grassland, especially in. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Duo to the similarity in nomenclature, the commercial products labeled as rang chuet could be any of them. Crotalaria, a new legume for the south by roland mckia senior agronomist, and o. Crotalaria spectabilis a few native and several exotic nonnative species of crotalaria may be found in the coastal southeast. Monocrotalineinduced pulmonary arteritis in rats sciencedirect. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes.
Pulmonary hypertension with resulting right ventricular hypertrophy has been produced in rats by administration of crotalaria spectabilis seeds or extracted monocrotaline pyrrole and by chronic or intermittent exposure to hypobaric pressure. Monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid of chemotherapeutic interest, was successfully extracted from the crushed seeds of crotalaria spectabilis using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol mixtures. Crotalaria definition of crotalaria by the free dictionary. It has been introduced as a crop plant in many tropical areas and has.
The record derives from ildis data supplied on 20100714 which reports it as an accepted name record 6024 mirror. Crotalaria spectabilis rattlebox, showy crotalaria. Crotalaria species containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids grow widely in pastures in northern australia and have sporadically poisoned grazing livestock. See status, confidence level, source for definitions. This annual weed prefers open, sunny sites and is found in disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides and open pine forests. Crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox this plant and the related entity italicized and indented above can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Crotalaria spectabilis florida natural areas inventory. Their poisonous qualities were discovered in connection with animal stock loss, and development was then halted, but several persist as common noxious weeds. Seed coat impermeability and germination of showy crotalaria. The genus name crotalaria is derived from the greek crotalon, which means castanet and refers to the rattling sound the seeds produce when the dry, inflated pods are shaken toxic components crotalaria species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids pas. Crotalaria spectabilis, commonly known as the showy crotalaria, is a flowering plant in the fabaceae or legume family. They all contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids which cause damage in liver, lungs and in pigs in the kidney. This species can best be distinguished by the colour of the flower pale yellow or creamish vs. The international legume database and information service or ildis. Crotalaria spectabilis erect subshrub having purpletinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle.
Oblanceolate, obtuse or retuse, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, base cuneate, petioles short, stipules subulate. Download the pdf to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. The flowers of crotalaria spectabilis, exhibit two types of stamens, short filaments with long narrow anthers and long. However, two medicinal plants species, thunbergia laurifolia and crotalaria spectabilis share this name. Monocrotaline at concentrations of 20 or 30 mgkg of food is. Crotalaria spectabilis is an erect, muchbranched annual to perennial plant with stems that can become more or less woody and persist. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding.
The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Showy crotalaria crotalaria spectabilis roth seed dormancy was due to seed coat impermeability to water. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. With some 700 species, the pantropical crotalaria is among the. Crotalaria retusa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by various common names including devilbean, rattleweed, shack shack, and wedgeleaf rattlepod. Plants profile for crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlebox. For more multimedia, look at crotalaria spectabilis on wikimedia commons. International with a presence in asia, africa, australia and the pacific, the caribbean, and the united states. Rattlebox crotalaria sagittalis bean family fabaceae description. The genus includes about 500 species of herbaceous plants and shrubs.
Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about crotolaria species, rattlebox, showy rattlepod, cats bell crotalaria spectabilis supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles da. Performance of poultry fed various levels of crotalaria seed. Past research efforts have shown that the soft, lignified fibers produced in the stem of sunn hemp could be utilized in the manufacturing of pulp and paper, and more recent efforts have indicated that other potential products can be developed from these fibers. Ethanolextracted crotalaria spectabilis seeds when fed to immature rats are no longer toxic. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of crotalaria spectabilis showy rattlepod discover life d i s c o v e r l i f e home all living things idnature guides global mapper albums labels search. Rattlebox crotalaria sagittalis illinois wildflowers.
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